Read the Rockwell Automation and ISMG research report: Cybersecurity Preparedness in Critical Infrastructure.
Critical Infrastructure organizations increasingly realize that downtime from cyberattack can be catastrophic. The Colonial Pipeline ransomware attack, for example, resulted in 5 days of downtime,...
Published: Jun 22, 2022
Brakes are some of the most crucial safety components in automobiles. Used to slow a vehicle’s momentum before parking and avoid collisions and accidents, braking systems have undergone rapid development throughout the years. Automobile brakes have evolved from the mechanical drum brakes of the early 19th century...
Published: Jun 29, 2022
As system interoperability continuously progresses in mass transportation systems, European authorities are increasingly defining standards for fire safety.
Fire safety is of vital importance in transporation systems, particularly rail systems and Europe has defined the EC/TCS 45545 standard with which mass transit...
In the early 90’s, it was suggested that Charge Coupled Devices (CCDs) were in the process of becoming extinct and considered to be ‘technological dinosaurs’. The prediction is not entirely wrong, if the announcement made by Sony in 2015 is taken as an example.
Sony Corporation has officially announced...
Growing demand for faster access to larger volumes of data, coupled with emerging high-speed network standards and rapidly advancing technology, is having a profound impact on network infrastructure. As 40 Gb fiber becomes a standard option in data centers, the challenge of connecting 40 Gb equipment with existing 10 Gb...
With the digital expansion over the past few decades, new requirements for data centers to store, transmit, and manage data of all sorts are reaching a critical level.
In this article, GE power discusses the path to improving efficiency as it applies to AC-DC power supplies (AC-DC front ends) within server equipment....
This introduction to EPAD MOSFET describes a broad selection of devices with precisely set gate threshold voltage values, including zero threshold made, enhancement mode and depletion mode. Furthermore, novel circuit designs are presented to illustrate how these devices can be used at a practical level. The brief circuit...
Innovative design enhancements make flat cables strong candidates for applications where round cable was once the natural choice.
A new type of flat cable has been developed by Cicoil Corporation that promises to put this last hurdle into the past, opening the potential for engineers to take advantage of flat...
Many moderate size Programmable Logic Device (PLD) designs, especially those in control plane applications, consist of a number of interfaces interconnected via an onchip bus to a microprocessor that may be on- or off-chip. Although each interface is often relatively simple, the task of building all the on-chip interconnections...
Solid State Relays and Contactors (SSRs) have been available in one form or the other for over 40 years. Traditional Electromechanical Relays and Contactors (EMRs) as well as Mercury Displacement Relays and Contactors (MDRs) have been available even longer.
However, current Environmental regulations now make the future...
The roots of positive airways mechanical ventilation can be traced to WWII with the needs for pilots to breath at higher altitudes. Ventilation therapy then made accelerated progresses during the polio epidemic in the 50’s.
Today, mechanical ventilation is indicated when a patient's spontaneous ventilation...
Large- and medium-sized enterprises have been widely deploying 10G Ethernet for several years. Their data center infrastructure has been primarily architected around duplex OM3 and OM4 multimode fiber (MMF), since most of the switch port interfaces are multimode 10GBASE-SR using the SFP+ transceiver form factor.
As...
This whitepaper includes a review of differential pair properties and how they differ between tightly and loosely coupled pairs. Also a description of test set-up used to look at signal integrity through several different differential pair architectures. The results are then shown and the information is concluded. ...
Safety, availability, and cost considerations can make performing thorough tests of embedded control devices using the complete system impractical. Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation is a real-time test technique used to test these devices more efficiently. During HIL test, the physical system that interfaces...
Published: Apr 01, 2021
